In December 1941, the German offensive against Moscow was halted by a combination of stout Soviet defences and counter-offensives, while Operation Crusader in Libya ended in stalemate, with both the Axis and…

In November 1941, while Germans forces captured more cities in the Crimea, Soviet troops continued to hold back the German invaders from Sevastopol and Moscow and the besieging German and Finnish forces…

In October 1941, the immediate and future war-aims of the Axis and Allied powers were focused on Moscow. Adolf Hitler described the Battle of Moscow as ‘the last great, decisive battle of…

In September 1941, German military forces were successful in the Ukraine and Crimea, while to the north the city of Leningrad was besieged, and preparations were made to attack Moscow. The Japanese…

In August 1941, German forces continued to advance towards Kiev in the Ukraine and Leningrad on the Baltic Sea. While senior German commanders proposed a concerted assault on Moscow, the German leader…

In July 1941, the invading German forces enjoyed almost complete success over the Soviet Union’s Red Army across a broad front stretching from the Baltic States to the Ukraine. The events of…